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AIIMS may discover oral Hapatitis B vaccine by 2021
New Delhi:The All India Institute of Medical Sciences on Tuesday said it has developed nanoparticles loaded with antigen protein segment which could lead to the first oral Hepatitis B vaccine in the world if positive results were obtained during human trials.
According to the premier institution, if the technology becomes a reality then the oral vaccine could become a reality by 2021, doing away with the injections and booster doses, which are currently required after every Hepatitis vaccine.
“The new technology was tested on a group of mice and during the study, superior antibody response with higher antigen levels were observed even beyond two months after single administration,” said A.K. Dinda, Professor of Pathology department at AIIMS.
He said the current practice of immunisation against Hepatitis B are injectable vaccines and require two boosters, first after one month and the second after six months.
Post-research, Dinda said: “To create these nanoparticles, scientists have used polymer material with a detergent-like substance and then loaded them with antigen protein segments and then transported them inside the body of the mouse.”
Dinda said that once the vaccine is prepared it will be completely safe, cost-effective and help in mass immunisation.
“This will also remove the need for people to make repeated visits to doctors. Also, in rural settings, needles are often not properly sterilised and there is risk of infection.”
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver. India has 40 million Hepatitis B infected patients, second only to China.
International online casino Casino Days has published a report sharing their internal data on what types and brands of devices are used to play on the platform by users from the South Asian region.
Such aggregate data analyses allow the operator to optimise their website for the brands and models of devices people are actually using.
The insights gained through the research also help Casino Days tailor their services based on the better understanding of their clients and their needs.
Desktops and Tablets Lose the Battle vs Mobile
The primary data samples analysed by Casino Days reveal that mobile connections dominate the market in South Asia and are responsible for a whopping 96.6% of gaming sessions, while computers and tablets have negligible shares of 2.9% and 0.5% respectively.
The authors of the study point out that historically, playing online casino was exclusively done on computers, and attribute thе major shift to mobile that has unfolded over time to the wide spread of cheaper smartphones and mobile data plans in South Asia.
“Some of the reasons behind this massive difference in device type are affordability, technical advantages, as well as cheaper and more obtainable internet plans for mobiles than those for computers,” the researchers comment.
Xiaomi and Vivo Outperform Samsung, Apple Way Down in Rankings
Chinese brands Xiaomi and Vivo were used by 21.9% and 20.79% of Casino Days players from South Asia respectively, and together with the positioned in third place with a 18.1% share South Korean brand Samsung dominate the market among real money gamers in the region.
Cupertino, California-based Apple is way down in seventh with a user share of just 2.29%, overshadowed by Chinese brands Realme (11.43%), OPPO (11.23%), and OnePlus (4.07%).
Huawei is at the very bottom of the chart with a tiny share just below the single percent mark, trailing behind mobile devices by Motorola, Google, and Infinix.
The data on actual phone usage provided by Casino Days, even though limited to the gaming parts of the population of South Asia, paints a different picture from global statistics on smartphone shipments by vendors.
Apple and Samsung have been sharing the worldwide lead for over a decade, while current regional leader Xiaomi secured their third position globally just a couple of years ago.
Striking Android Dominance among South Asian Real Money Gaming Communities
The shifted market share patterns of the world’s top smartphone brands in South Asia observed by the Casino Days research paper reveal a striking dominance of Android devices at the expense of iOS-powered phones.
On the global level, Android enjoys a comfortable lead with a sizable 68.79% share which grows to nearly 79% when we look at the whole continent of Asia. The data on South Asian real money gaming communities suggests that Android’s dominance grows even higher and is north of the 90% mark.
Among the major factors behind these figures, the authors of the study point to the relative affordability of and greater availability of Android devices in the region, especially when manufactured locally in countries like India and Vietnam.
“And, with influencers and tech reviews putting emphasis on Android devices, the choice of mobile phone brand and OS becomes easy; Android has a much wider range of products and caters to the Asian online casino market in ways that Apple can’t due to technical limitations,” the researchers add.
The far better integration achieved by Google Pay compared to its counterpart Apple Pay has also played a crucial role in shaping the existing smartphone market trends.
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